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Payment professionals seem to have this idea that they are the knight in shining armor who is standing between the clueless and childlike customer and the omnipotent criminal. In their pursuit of safety for everybody, they seem to be willing to sacrifice privacy, self-determination and individual responsibility one small step at a time.

I say that customers are perfectly capable and willing to take responsibility for their actions, and they should bear the consequences of their actions instead of hiding behind the bogeyman of the criminal who, in the imagination of the risk managers, keeps getting ever more sophisticated and smarter every year. By now, all these online criminals must be geniuses that would make Prof Moriarty look like an amateur.

Competition is good, and any open and interoperable payment system should make it easy for new players, small and big, to join. In this spirit, I am happy that another e-wallet has entered the market: MannyPay.

To satisfy my curiosity, I downloaded the app on my iPhone and tried to enroll. Unfortunately, I did not manage to get past a nonsensical error message, and the app froze on the screen where you are supposed to enter a passcode from a text message (which also never arrived).

Nevertheless, I have some initial comments, and I will update this post when they have fixed their teething issues.

Everything that can be said about merchant surcharge and interchange fees has already been said, for instance (1), (2) or (3), but it hasn’t been said by everybody yet. Especially not by me. So, here I go.

Instead of innovating payments, the new breed of QR/A2A payment schemes too often think of their system as a “primitive” form of card payments. Or, they treat payment merely as an enabler for their ambition of becoming a virtual bank. There is too much data, too much functionality and not enough effort to make the payment process better.

In this post, I want to make the case for removing data from QR payments.

In my view, the principles of any new payment system should be: “Payment moves money efficiently, anonymously and conveniently (for the customer). Use of account information is kept to a minimum. There should be no personal data.”

In my previous post, I voiced my opinion that many merchants use their personal GCash account to accept payments. At that time, I was thinking of the proprietary GCash QR code that would only work for customers who use their GCash wallets. More recently, I noticed personal QR codes that seem to work with all e-wallets and mobile banking applications. I tested this specifically with the BPI banking application and the GCash wallet.

Have I found the P2P QRPh?

In this post, I am analyzing the data and the formatting that is used for the P2P QR code. If you are curious, you can also run your own QR codes through my QR Decoder.

The Jeepney and city bus modernization program has been in place for many years. This program also included a mandate for automated fare collection. And still, there has been no progress. Automated fare collection in most mass transit systems in the Philippines is non-existent.

In this article, I will tease out some of the reasons for this state of affairs. I will focus on Jeepneys and city buses.

The light rail systems in Manila and the planned subway or long distance train lines have very different problems, which I might look at in a future post.

Check out my feeble attempt of writing my first Javascript^*. The script looks into the data of QR codes and shows the content in human-readable format. It understands a bit of generic ASN.1, EMV and some other standards that are built on top of the EMV standards, for instance, QCAT, GCASH Transit and QRPH.

If you have any fare collection or payment QR code, you can find out what data it contains. Please consider sending it to me for further improvement of this little javascript app.

(* I cheated a bit and used Kotlin/Multiplatform, but still …​)

You can find the source code on Github.

Let’s review what public transport systems are available in the Philippines and how the fare is currently collected.

As reported earlier, on July 25, 2025, MRT-3 in Manila started to accept GCash QR codes directly at the gate, without the need to buy a prepaid ticket.

I have not found reports of first-hand experience with this new feature. All I can talk about here is what I can deduce from the user experience with the GCash application and from comparing the QR code data to the QCAT specification. I cannot say anything about processing until I have tried it myself.

In summary, there does not seem to be much support for interoperability. I would say that the e-wallets may have missed a chance to compete with the payment cards schemes in the AFCS market.

As announced, MRT-3 in Manila, Philippines, started accepting payment cards and GCash QR codes at some of their automated gates (see (1) and (2)).

According to the DOTR facebook posts, two stations (Ayala and Cubao) have two upgraded gates for entry and exit, while one gate was upgraded at all other MRT-3 stations.

Based on the pictures and video clips and the information I get from Facebook posts and press releases, I got answers for some of my earlier questions.